9/7/2023 0 Comments Taiwan sea port map![]() ![]() Ousting or outflanking the United States in the Western Pacific is a priority for Beijing, as is challenging the United States, India, and the rest of the so-called Quad alliance in the Indian Ocean. It has received an estimated $14.9 billion from China however, researchers were unable to disaggregate the amount that went solely to the Sabetta seaport. Russia’s port of Sabetta (the Yamal liquefied natural gas project) is also excluded. Note: Map excludes pledged funding and canceled or suspended projects. Hover or click on the circles for more details on Chinese investment in each port.Ī map shows Chinese investment in ports around the world and numbers 8 ports that researchers consider most likely locations for Chinese naval bases: Hambantota, Sri Lanka Bata, Equatorial Guinea Gwadar, Pakistan Kribi, Cameroon Ream, Cambodia Luganville, Vanuatu Nacala, Mozambique and Nouakchott, Mauritania. Where available, we also drew on publicly available satellite imagery as well as geospatial mapping sources and techniques.įrom this, we arrived at a shortlist of the eight most likely candidates for a future PLAN base: Hambantota, Sri Lanka Bata, Equatorial Guinea Gwadar, Pakistan Kribi, Cameroon Ream, Cambodia Luganville, Vanuatu Nacala, Mozambique and Nouakchott, Mauritania.Ĭhinese state-owned entities have committed $29.9 billion to finance 123 projects to expand or construct 78 ports in 46 countries from 2000-2021. This map shows formally approved, active, or completed projects for 49 ports and highlights the eight locations of those most likely to be used as Chinese naval bases. To narrow down the basing options, we applied other criteria too, including strategic location, size of port and depth of water, and potential host country relations with Beijing-measured, for example, by alignment in voting in the U.N. Department of Commerce sanctioned CCCC for its role in constructing artificial islands in the South China Sea. ![]() ![]() Both are major players in building ports overseas. One of its port subsidiaries is China Harbour Engineering Company, Ltd. (CCCC), a majority state-owned, publicly traded, multinational engineering and construction company. Among the major players in port construction is China Communications Construction Company, Ltd. But a Chinese port construction or operating company can be traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and also be an official government entity. John’s Port, dredge the harbor, and build shoreside facilities.ĭrawing a connection between an ostensibly commercial investment and future naval bases may seem odd to those unfamiliar with China’s way of doing business. The symbolic beachhead there is Antigua and Barbuda, where in late 2022, Chinese entities spent $107 million to complete the expansion of wharfage and sea walls at St. It is a worldwide portfolio, stretching even to the Caribbean. Freetown, in Sierra Leone, has seen its port financed to the tune of $759 million, in a country where total GDP is $4 billion. Chinese state-owned banks have lent $499 million to expand the port of Nouakchott, Mauritania, a nation where the total GDP is around $10 billion. Our data reveals that China is a maritime superpower ashore as well as afloat, with extraordinary ties in the world’s low- and middle-income countries. Beijing also sees a corresponding nonmonetary debt to its outlays: The larger the investment, the more leverage China should have to ask for favors. Financial ties established through port construction and expansion are enduring, with a long-term life cycle to the relationship. And with reason: Chinese law mandates that nominally civilian ports provide logistic support to the Chinese navy if, as, and when needed. The detailed data set captures 123 seaport projects at 78 ports in 46 countries, worth a combined $29.9 billion.Ī core assumption of our analysis is that Chinese financing and construction of harbor and related infrastructure, either through foreign aid or investment, is one indicator of ports or bases that might serve the PLAN in times of peace or war. To answer that question, the authors drew on a new AidData data set that focuses on ports and infrastructure construction financed by Chinese state-owned entities in low- and middle-income countries between 20 and implemented between 20. China famously built its first overseas base, a launchpad for the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), in Djibouti in 2017. ![]()
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